Volume 48, No 3, 2026, Pages 507-517

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Multi-Response Optimization of CNC Milling Parameters for SUS316 Diffuser Guide Vanes: Effects on Surface Roughness, Machining Time, and Tool Wear

Authors:

Muhamad Daffa Aditya Eka Pratama ,
Benidiktus Tulung Prayoga , Galuh Bahari ,
Handoko

DOI: 10.24874/ti.2006.08.25.03

Received: 24 October 2025
Revised: 29 November 2025
Accepted: 13 March 2026
Published: 15 September 2026

Abstract:

Stainless Steel 316 (SUS316) is widely employed in critical industrial components due to its mechanical strength and corrosion resistance, but its low thermal conductivity and high ductility make it a difficult to machine material. This study investigates the influence of spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut on surface roughness (Ra), machining time, and tool wear (VB) in CNC milling of SUS316 Diffuser Guide Vanes. A Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Box–Behnken Design (BBD) was applied, followed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and multi-response optimization using a desirability function. Results reveal that Ra is mainly controlled by spindle speed and feed rate, machining time is governed by feed rate and depth of cut, while VB exhibits a non-linear dependence on feed rate. The integrated optimization identified a parameter setting that simultaneously minimizes Ra, machining time, and VB with a high desirability index, providing a validated guideline for balancing machining quality, productivity, and tool life. The optimal values of the input parameters determined to be a spindle speed of 700 RPM, a feed rate of 70 mm/min, and a depth of cut of 1 mm. The best results obtained are surface roughness of 0.185 µm, a machining time of 1737 s, and a flank wear width (VB) of 51.67 µm, with a high composite desirability value of 0.832.

Keywords:

Machining parameters, SUS316, Surface roughness, Machining time, Tool wear

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