Volume 47, No 1, 2025, Pages 125-136
Download full text in PDFOptimizing Bioceramic Composites for Hip Joint Replacements using SPS Method: Investigating the Effects of Titanium Diboride (TiB2) on Tribological Properties
Authors:
Pavankumar Ravikumar 
,
Goud Mallesh ,
S. Suresh Kumar ,
H. S. Manjunatha
DOI: 10.24874/ti.1863.01.25.03
Received: 6 January 2025
Revised: 17 February 2025
Accepted: 11 March 2025
Published: 15 March 2025
Abstract:
This study investigates the fabrication, characterization, and tribological behavior of bioceramic composites specifically engineered for hip joint replacements. Utilizing the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) process, advanced ceramic composites were developed, comprising alumina (Al2O3), silicon carbide (SiC), magnesium oxide (MgO), and titanium diboride (TiB2) integrated with an Al6061 base. The objective was to enhance mechanical strength, wear resistance, and biocompatibility for long-term orthopedic applications.
Material characterization was performed using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques, confirming the presence of reinforcing phases and crystalline structures. Wear tests were conducted using a pin-on-disk apparatus, and wear losses were systematically evaluated using a Design of Experiments (DOE) approach with an L27 orthogonal array. Statistical analysis using Minitab software revealed significant differences in tribological performance among composites with varying TiB2 concentrations. Notably, the weight percentage of reinforcement was identified as the most influential factor on wear loss (p-value = 0.000), with higher TiB2 percentages correlating with improved mechanical performance. The optimal composition—5% alumina, 5% SiC, 2% MgO, and 9% TiB2 combined with Al6061—demonstrated enhanced toughness and fracture resistance while addressing the fragility commonly associated with ceramic materials. The model fit was confirmed by an R-squared value of 89.21%, indicating strong predictive capability. SEM analysis post-wear testing highlighted reduced wear tracks in TiB2-reinforced samples. These findings suggest that bioceramic composites exhibit durability against wear, friction, and fracture resistance, which are critical for the long-term effectiveness of hip implants. The study provides a foundation for further investigations into advanced mechanical testing, biocompatibility assessments, and clinical relevance to ensure suitability for orthopedic applications.
Keywords:
Hip implant, Bioceramic composites, L27 orthogonal array, Pin on disk, Wear test
